Following duplication, gene copies can diverge in function. Gene duplication plays a major role in evolution by expanding gene families and facilitating the diversification of gene function. Therefore, in general, retrogene expression patterns and coding sequences are distinct compared to their parents and, in some cases, retrogene expression patterns diversify. The coding sequences of the three gene pairs appear to be evolving predominantly under negative selection however, the parent genes and retrogenes show some distinct differences in amino acid sequence. We used the genome sequences of 20 Drosophila species to investigate coding sequence evolution. In contrast, expression patterns of the retrogene orthologs have diversified. Expression patterns of the parent genes and their single copy orthologs are relatively conserved across species, whether or not a species has a retrogene copy, although there is some variation in CG8331 and CG17734. We investigated the embryonic expression patterns of these gene pairs across multiple Drosophila species. To explore the evolution of parent genes and retrogenes, we investigated three such gene pairs in the family Drosophilidae in Drosophila melanogaster, these gene pairs are CG8331 and CG4960, CG17734 and CG11825, and Sep2 and Sep5. It is not clear how a retrogene’s lack of parental regulatory sequences affects the evolution of the gene pair. Retrogenes form a class of gene duplicate lacking the regulatory sequences found outside of the mRNA-coding regions of the parent gene.
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January 2023
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